广州为明国际大讲堂“美国大学及职业”
2015年10月14号周三晚上，广州为明国际学校为明大讲堂新学期开讲，并由此拉开了学业及职业规划系列活动的序幕。第一讲由外方学术主任Trevor主任主讲，他主讲的题目是《COLLEGES IN AMERICA AND CAREERS（美国大学及职业）》。
Trevor首先展示CHINESE STUDENTS AND CHINESE COLLEGES中国学生和大学：HOW DOES A CHINESE STUDENT GET INTO A GOOD COLLEGE?中国学生怎么进入好大学？Step 1. The student must get into a good school. Therefore the student needs a good grade on their ZhongKao.Step 2. The student must get a good score in the GaoKao exam.Step 3. The student usually looks for a college that will accept them.Step 4. ONLY THEN do they choose their course.
WHAT IS THE FOCUS? It is more important to get into a good college than to choose a course!! 在中国，大家更关注去一个好的大学而不是好的专业。 IN AMERICA? VERY, VERY DIFFERENT!! 在美国，非常不一样。
HOW ARE COLLEGES GRADED IN AMERICA? 美国大学是怎么分级的？There are good colleges that are famous, like Harvard and Yale. These colleges are called the Ivy League colleges.It is a fact that many students want to get into these colleges. It is a fact that only 15% of students who apply are accepted.有很多著名的大学，如哈佛和耶鲁，这些大学叫常春藤，是很多学生梦寐以求的大学，但他们只接受15%的学生的申请。
IT IS ALSO A FACT THAT THE ARE OTHER COLLEGES THAT OFFER BETTER COURSES THAN THESE IVY LEAGUE COLLEGES!! 但是，其它的大学的某些专业比长春藤大学的专业还好。THIS IS WHAT IS IMPORTANT!! In America, you FIRST choose your course, and THEN you look for a good college that offers your course.这是非常重要的，在美国，你先选专业，再选大学。There is not one college that has the best courses in everything.不是只有一所大学有最好的专业。
Colleges tend to specialize in one area. For example, college A will be excellent for students studying medicine. College B will be excellent for student studying Engineering. College C will be excellent for students studying Business, and so on.
WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW? You need to know what course you want to take when you go to college in America.你需要知道在美国你想选什么专业。
HOW DO I CHOOSE MY COURSE? 我们怎么选专业呢？You need to know what career path you are going to follow.Most of you have no idea what career you are going to choose.So, now it is time to think!!!!!
SOME GUIDELINES WHEN THINKING ABOUT A CAREER。职业指南：Your career must pay enough for you to be able to live!你的职业能养家糊口。It is better to find something that you enjoy and are good at.是你喜欢擅长的方面。The types of careers available are changing. 你喜欢的职业类型总在发生变化。You must plan a career that has a future. 你必须做一份未来的职业规划。Remember, China is still a developing country. The work that many people do now, will not be the work that people are doing in 10 – 20 years’ time. 中国是一个发展中国家，现在人们从事的工作，未必是10-20 后的工作。
TIME FOR SOME ECONOMICS从经济学来看：There are 4 economic sectors that are recognized四大经济因素:Production生产, Manufacturing and Selling销售, Service服务, Creative创意。
THE FIRST SECTOR: PRIMARY。This is how all economies start: this is what we call production.These are the people who make raw materials available.Examples are agriculture and mining.Notice from the graph that this sector becomes less and less important as a country’s economy develops.
THE SECOND SECTOR: SECONDARY.This is when industrialization starts. People now start taking raw materials and making new things which are then sold.Industries and markets develop, and more and more people are involved in either making things or selling things. Notice that this sector grows for a while and then reaches a point called de-industrialization. After that this sector does not grow any more and becomes less and less important.
THE THIRD SECTOR: TERTIARY.This is what we call the Service industry.These people do not make anything; instead they sell a service. Examples are Doctors, Teachers, Bankers, Hairdressers. These people basically sell information and they do things for you that you are unable to do for yourself.Notice that this group keeps on climbing and climbing – interesting!
THE FOURTH SECTOR: QUATERNARY.This is what we call the Creative sector. These are the people who sell ideas. 21st Century skills – does it sound familiar????According to the clever people, this will be the last sector to develop and will also continue to grow.
CHINA AND AMERICA – WHERE ARE THEY?中国和美国—他们处于什么位置？CHINA – A DEVELOPING COUNTRY。CHINA – ECONOMY STILL BASED ON INDUSTRY中国是发展中国家，依然以工业为基础。The Chinese Economy has not yet passed the point of Deindustrialization.Even so, the only sector that is really developing and will continue to develop years into the future is the Service Sector.The Creative Sector will probably only start developing in around 10 years’ time.At the moment there is a high demand for jobs in the Manufacturing and Selling Sector, as well as demand in the Service Sector.In 5 or 10 years time, the demand for jobs in the Manufacturing and Selling sector will start to drop, while the demand for jobs in the Service Sector will continue to grow.
LET US LOOK AT SOME CAREER GROUPS让我们看一下一些职业组There are 6 different groups of careers六大职业类型:Realistic – working with your hands；Investigative – finding out about things；Artistic – using your creative skills；Social – working with people；Enterprising – doing business and making money；Conventional – doing routine tasks。
You must discover where you fit in, and then look for suitable careers in that area. 你必须从以上六大职业类型中找到适合自己的领域的职业。You must then find out what area of study you must undertake to become qualified in that field.然后你才知道你在那个领域所需要的能力，从而有针对性地选择专业去学习。
Trevor主任这次讲座从很高的理论层次去做学业规划指导，为同学们的奋斗指明方向。
（图片由致远记者站魏瑶，曹雅静提供 ）
